Cusco: The Historic Heart of Peru – Peru

Nestled in the Andean highlands at an altitude of 3,399 metres, Cusco is the historic and cultural capital of Peru. Once the capital of the mighty Inca Empire, it is now a vibrant city that seamlessly blends ancient Incan heritage with Spanish colonial charm. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Cusco’s cobblestone streets, historic architecture, and lively markets captivate visitors from all over the world. The city serves as the gateway to the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, adventurers, and culture seekers alike.

Fun Fact:
Some of the Nazca Lines are so large that they can only be properly appreciated when viewed from an aircraft. The longest line stretches over 1,200 feet, and the largest figure, the hummingbird, spans 330 feet in length.

Top Attractions and Places to Visit in Cusco

1. Plaza de Armas

The heart of Cusco, Plaza de Armas, is a bustling square surrounded by colonial arcades, restaurants, and shops. It is home to two of the city’s most iconic landmarks: the Cusco Cathedral and the Church of the Society of Jesus (La Compañía de Jesús). The cathedral, built on the foundations of an Inca palace, is a masterpiece of Spanish colonial architecture and houses an impressive collection of religious art, including the unique painting of the Last Supper featuring a guinea pig.

2. Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun)

Once the most sacred site of the Inca Empire, Qorikancha was dedicated to Inti, the Sun God. Its walls were originally covered in gold sheets, which were later looted by Spanish conquistadors. The temple’s structure now forms the foundation of the Santo Domingo Convent, creating a striking blend of Inca and colonial architecture. Visitors can marvel at the finely crafted stonework, which has withstood centuries of earthquakes.

3. Sacsayhuamán

Overlooking the city from a hilltop, Sacsayhuamán is a massive Inca fortress known for its gigantic stone walls, some weighing over 100 tons. The site offers panoramic views of Cusco and is a popular spot for the annual Inti Raymi Festival, which celebrates the winter solstice and honours the Sun God. The fortress’s zigzagging walls are a marvel of engineering, with stones fitted so precisely that not even a blade of grass can slide between them.

4. San Pedro Market

For a taste of local life, the San Pedro Market is a sensory delight. The market brims with fresh produce, traditional Andean textiles, handmade crafts, and local delicacies like choclo con queso (corn with cheese). It’s the perfect place to immerse yourself in Cusco’s vibrant culture and pick up unique souvenirs.

5. San Blas District

Known as the city’s artistic neighbourhood, San Blas is a maze of narrow, steep streets lined with whitewashed houses and colourful artisan shops. The district is famous for its bohemian vibe and workshops of local craftsmen, many of whom specialise in pottery, woodwork, and textiles. The San Blas Church, with its intricately carved wooden pulpit, is a small but noteworthy attraction.

6. Twelve-Angled Stone

Located on Hatun Rumiyoc Street, this perfectly carved Inca stone is a testament to the ingenuity of Incan masonry. Its twelve angles fit seamlessly with the surrounding stones without the use of mortar. The street itself is a charming pedestrian walkway lined with colonial buildings and artisan shops.

7. Cusco Planetarium

For a unique experience, the Cusco Planetarium offers insights into how the Incas viewed the stars and used astronomy in their daily lives. Located just outside the city, the planetarium provides guided tours and stargazing sessions, offering a closer look at the Andean sky.

8. Cristo Blanco

This white statue of Christ, reminiscent of Rio de Janeiro’s Christ the Redeemer, stands on a hill above Cusco. A short hike or taxi ride from the city, Cristo Blanco offers stunning panoramic views of Cusco, particularly at sunset.

Nearby Attractions

Sacred Valley

Just an hour’s drive from Cusco, the Sacred Valley is a lush and fertile region that was central to the Inca Empire. The valley is dotted with charming towns, such as Pisac, Ollantaytambo, and Chinchero, each offering unique archaeological sites, vibrant markets, and breathtaking scenery.

Maras and Moray

A short trip from Cusco leads to the Maras Salt Mines, where thousands of salt pools cascade down a hillside, and Moray, an Inca agricultural laboratory featuring circular terraces believed to simulate different microclimates.

Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca)

A few hours from Cusco, Rainbow Mountain is one of Peru’s most spectacular natural wonders. Its vibrant colours, caused by mineral deposits, make it a popular trekking destination for adventurous travellers.

Cusco’s Unique Cultural Experiences

• Inti Raymi Festival: This annual celebration of the winter solstice and the Sun God takes place every June 24th and includes traditional music, dance, and rituals.
• Peruvian Cuisine: Cusco is home to exceptional restaurants offering everything from traditional Andean dishes, such as alpaca steak and quinoa soup, to modern Peruvian fusion. Don’t miss trying coca tea, a local remedy for altitude sickness.
• Textile Workshops: Learn about traditional weaving techniques from local artisans in and around Cusco, where ancient skills have been passed down for generations.

Cusco’s charm lies in its seamless fusion of past and present. Whether exploring ancient ruins, admiring colonial architecture, or soaking up the vibrant culture, visitors will find themselves enchanted by this historic city. As the gateway to the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, Cusco is an unmissable destination on any Peruvian itinerary.